RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Normative Listing and Description of Mutual Fund Transparent and Opaque Fees and Expenses JF The Journal of Wealth Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP jwm.2019.1.069 DO 10.3905/jwm.2019.1.069 A1 John A. Haslem YR 2019 UL https://pm-research.com/content/early/2019/04/01/jwm.2019.1.069.abstract AB This study provides mutual fund shareholders with a normative listing of transparent and traditionally opaque fees and expenses designed for most all funds. The most likely next step, if any, would be for a few “stewardship funds” to adopt the normative listing of transparent and traditionally opaque fees and expenses and attach to each its percentage cost to total net assets, if any. This analysis is needed, for one reason, because a large percentage of individual investors, especially those with low financial literacy, are unaware of the existence of traditionally opaque fund fees and expenses, no less their percentage costs.