TY - JOUR T1 - Using “Equivalent Tax Rates” to Determine Tax-Efficient Retirement Investment and Withdrawal JF - The Journal of Wealth Management SP - 55 LP - 69 DO - 10.3905/jwm.2018.1.063 VL - 21 IS - 2 AU - Tom Arnold AU - John H. Earl, Jr. AU - Cassandra D. Marshall AU - Adam Schwartz Y1 - 2018/07/31 UR - https://pm-research.com/content/21/2/55.abstract N2 - The authors propose an equivalent tax rate framework to compare the tax-efficient accumulation and withdrawal of retirement funds across multiple investment vehicles. The method allows for the consideration of a given investment vehicle’s expected return, time horizon, and tax treatment relative to a tax-deferred retirement account receiving pre-tax contributions and possible employer matching of contributions. The metric is comparable across alternative investment accounts irrespective of the specific marginal tax rate in place during the accumulation or distribution stages.TOPICS: Retirement, legal/regulatory/public policy ER -